The Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI) is an independent Norwegian foundation engaged in research on international environmental, energy and resource management politics and law. The main disciplines are political science and international law, but FNI researchers also hold degrees in economics, geography, history and social anthropology, and have special language and regional competence on Russia and China.
Within this framework the institute’s research is mainly grouped around seven focal points:
- Global environmental governance and law
- Climate change
- Law of the Sea and marine affairs
- Biodiversity and genetic resources
- Polar and Russian politics
- European energy and environment
- Chinese energy and environment
FNI’s activities include academic studies, contract research, investigations and evaluations. FNI’s sources of funding include the Research Council of Norway, various Norwegian public bodies, business associations and private companies, the European Commission and international research foundations. Annual turnover is around 40 million NOK. FNI currently has a staff of around 35, including around 25 full-time researchers and 3-6 students.
Mailing address:
Fridtjof Nansen Institute
P.O.Box 326
1326 Lysaker
Norway
Representative
Arild Moe
Key Experts
Please click on the photo for more information on the individual expert in the expert database
Gørild M. Heggelund
Research Professor
Iselin Stensdal
Researcher
Erdem Lamazhapov
PhD Researcher Fellow
Arild Moe
Research Professor
Olav Schram Stokke
Research Professor
Andreas Østhagen
Senior researcher
Relevant Publications
China studies
Implementing the Minamata Convention on Mercury: Will China Deliver? Gørild Heggelund, Kristin Rosendal, Steinar Andresen, Eirik Hovland Steindal, Lin Yan, Wang Shuxiao and Zhang Haibin Asian Perspective, Vol 46, No 2, 2022, pp. 279-310
Linking Asian carbon markets: opportunities and barriers Gørild M. Heggelund, Iselin Stensdal and Jørgen Wettestad FNI Report 2/2021. Lysaker, FNI, 2021, 16 p.
China’s climate and energy policy: at a turning point? Gørild Heggelund International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, published online 13.02.2021, 15 p. DOI: 10.1007/s10784-021-09528-
Informal Institutions in Policy Implementation. Comparing Low Carbon Policies in China and Russia Anna Korppoo, Iselin Stensdal and Marius Korsnes Edward Elgar, 2020, 208 p.
Asia in the Arctic: Policies, Stakes, and Involvement Olav Schram Stokke In S.V. Rottem and I.F. Soltvedt (eds), Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020.
The Minamata Convention and Mercury Policy in China: The Role of Science Kristin Rosendal, Steinar Andresen, Gørild Heggelund and Eirik Hovland Steindal Asian Perspective, Vol 44, No 3, 2020, pp. 435-460
China's Climate Policy: Does an Arctic Dimension Exist? Gørild Heggelund In Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Folkestad Soldtvedt, Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020, chapter 12.
Subnational Implementation Pathways for China’s National Pricing System: Challenges and Opportunities Gørild Heggelund In Stavins, Robert N and Stowe, Robert C. (eds), Subnational Climate Change Policy in China. Harvard Kennedy School, 2020, pp. 41-44.
China in the Sustainable Development Agenda: Key environmental issues and responses Hans Jørgen Gåsemyr and Gørild Heggelund NUPI Policy Brief 4/2020, 4
Sustainable development Gørild Heggelund In Andreas Bøje Forsby (ed), Nordic-China Cooperation: Challenges and Opportunities. NIAS Reports, No. 52, 2019, pp. 33-39
China and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Engagement Arild Moe and Olav Schram Stokke China in World and Regional Politics, Vol 24, 2019, pp. 257-278.
Much Ado about Something? China in Arctic Resource Development: Greenland and the Isua Iron-ore Project Iselin Stensdal In Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Folkestad Soltvedt (eds), Arctic Governance: Norway Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020, pp. 259-279.
Towards a typology of pilots: the Shanghai emissions-trading scheme pilot Iselin Stensdal Journal of Chinese Governance, published online 21.08.2019, 30 p. DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2019.1652492
The New Geopolitics of the Arctic: Russia, China and the EU Andreas Østhagen Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, policy brief. April 2019.
China’s Development of ETS as a GHG Mitigating Policy Tool: A Case of Policy Diffusion or Domestic Drivers? Gørild Heggelund, Iselin Stensdal, Maosheng Duan and Jørgen Wettestad Review of Policy Research, published online 23.01.2019, 27 pp. DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12328
Norms and flexibility: Comparing two mitigation policies implemented in Shanghai Iselin Stensdal Environmental Science and Policy, Vol 92, 2019, pp. 281-288
Addressing Climate Change in China: Policies and Governance Gørild Heggelund In Adriana Galderisi and Angela Colucci (eds), Smart, Resilient and Transition Cities. Emerging Approaches and Tools for a Climate-Sensitive Urban Development. Amsterdam/Oxford/Cambridge MA, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 61-65.
China’s Arctic Policy – what now? Iselin Stensdal DNAK News, 06.07.2018.
China's carbon market: in it to learn it Stensdal, Iselin, Gørild Heggelund and Duan Maosheng In Wettestad, Jørgen and Lars Gulbrandsen (eds), The Evolution of Carbon Markets. Design and Diffusion. London, Routledge, 2018, pp. 180-207.
China's Exaggerated Arctic Interests Arild Moe In Jonathan E. Hillman (ed), Reconnecting Asia -Essays on Asia's Infrastructure Contest.Lanham (USA), Rowman & Littlefield, 2017, pp. 35-37
Seizing policy windows: Policy Influence of climate advocacy coalitions in Brazil, China, and India, 2000-2015 Solveig Aamodt and Iselin Stensdal Global Environmental Change, Vol 46, September 2017, pp. 114-125
Climate Change Policy and Governance Gørild Heggelund and Rebecca Nadin In Eva Sternfeld (ed), Routledge Handbook of Environmental Policy in China. London/New York, Routledge, 2017, pp. 97-112.
China’s climate policy: does an Arctic dimension exist? Gørild Heggelund and Cheng Han Advances in Polar Science, Vol 27, No 3, 2016, pp. 139-145
China: The time is now Iselin Stensdal Climate Policy Outlook 2017, CICEP, 2017.
China and Arctic energy: drivers and limitations Christopher Weidacher Hsiung The Polar Journal, published online 26.10.2016, 16 p.
Arctic Affairs
The Arctic in 2022 Andreas Østhagen In Katarina Tracz (ed), Stronger Together - Sweden and Finland on the Road Toward NATO. Stockholm Free World Forum & Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2022, pp. 101-134.
Stock Shifts and Regime Resilience in the Barents Sea Anne-Kristin Jørgensen In Olav Schram Stokke, Andreas Østhagen and Andreas Raspotnik (eds), Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury, 2022, pp. 153-177
External Shocks, Resilience and Barents Sea Fisher Compliance Olav Schram Stokke In Olav Schram Stokke, Andreas Østhagen and Andreas Raspotnik (eds), Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury, 2022, pp. 179-196 Internasjonal Politikk, Vol 80, No 4, 2022, pp. 441–451. In Norwegian
The ecosystem approach to marine management in the Arctic: Opportunities and challenges for integration Nicole Wienrich, Victoria Quutuq Buschman, Catherine Coon, Susanna Fuller, Janos C. Hennicke, Christoph Humrich, Christian Prip and Lauren Wenzel Frontiers in Marine Science, published online 23.11.2022, 7 p. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.1034510
International Shipping and the Northern Sea Route Björn Gunnarsson and Arild Moe In Andrey Mineev, Anatoli Bourmistrov and Frode Mellemvik (eds), Global Development in the Arctic: International Cooperation for the Future. Routledge, 2022, pp. 216-231.
Unboxing Arctic Security Relations and Dynamics Andreas Østhagen In Andrey Mineev, Anatoli Bourmistrov and Frode Mellemvik (eds), Global Development in the Arctic: International Cooperation for the Future. Routledge, 2022, pp. 47-62.
The future of EU-Russia collaboration in the Arctic Andreas Raspotnik and Adam Stepien Baltic Rim Economies, October 31, 2022.
Russland og Norge er enige! (The joint Norwegian-Russian fisheries commission has reached an agreement)(The joint Norwegian-Russian fisheries commission has reached an agreement) Geir Hønneland Nordnorsk debatt, October 26, 2022. In Norwegian.
Forced to Look East? Russia, China, India, and the Future of Arctic Governance Nima Khorrami & Andreas Raspotnik Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, September 16, 2022.
Sustainable development in action: the Arctic Council Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Soltvedt Hvinden In Duncan Russel and Nick Kirsop-Taylor (eds), Handbook on the Governance of Sustainable Development. Edward Elgar, 2022, pp. 259-274.
Norway’s Arctic Policy: High North, Low Tension? Andreas Østhagen In Anastasia Likhacheva (ed), Arctic Fever: Political, Economic and Environmental Aspects. Palgrave Macmillan, 2022, pp. 277-304
European Policies in the Arctic: National Strategies or a Common Vision? Emilie Canova, Camille Escudé-Joffres, Andreas Raspotnik and Florian Vidal In Anastasia Likhacheva (ed), Arctic Fever: Political, Economic and Environmental Aspects. Palgrave Macmillan, 2022, pp. 305-332 EKO, No 8, 2022, pp. 67-88. In Russian.
Arctic Geopolitics, Climate Change, and Resilient Fisheries Management Olav Schram Stokke Ocean Yearbook, published online 23.05.2022. DOI: 10.1163/22116001-03601016
Getting US Arctic Security Right Andreas Østhagen The Arctic Institute, July 5, 2022.
Industry responses to evolving regulation of marine bioprospecting in polar regions Kristin Rosendal and Jon Birger Skjærseth In Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers and Marcel Kok (eds), Transforming biodiversity governance. Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 200-218.
The European Union’s Arctic Policy in the light of Russia’s War against Ukraine Andreas Raspotnik, Adam Stępień and Timo Koivurova The Arctic Institute, April 26, 2022.
End of the common arctic seabed: recent state practice in the establishment of continental shelf limits beyond 200 nm Øystein Jensen The Polar Journal, published online 07.04.2022. DOI: 10.1080/2154896X.2022.2062557
The EU must re-think its Arctic relationship with Russia By Andreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen EurActiv, March 28, 2022.
A Governance and Risk Inventory for a Changing Arctic Elana Wilson Rowe, Ulf Sverdrup, Karsten Friis, Geir Hønneland and Mike Sfraga In Duncan Depledge and P. Whitney Lackenbauer (eds), On Thin Ice? Perspectives on Arctic Security. North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network (NAADSN) , Canada, 2021, pp. 12-22. Forskning.no, March 12, 2022. In Norwegian.
The European Union and Arctic Security Governance Andreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen Chapter 22 in Matthias Finger and Gunnar Rekvig (eds), Global Arctic: An Introduction to the Multifaceted Dynamics of the Arctic. Springer, 2022, pp. 425-441.
Introductory essay: Polar regions and multi-level governance Olav Schram Stokke The Polar Journal, published online 23.02.2022, 20 p. DOI: 10.1080/2154896X.2021.2007460
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly? Three Levels of Arctic GeopoliticsThree Levels of Arctic Geopolitics Andreas Østhagen In Luis Cunha (ed), III Seminário do Centro do Atlântico. Instituto da Defesa Nacional (Portugal), 2022, pp. 27-32.
The European green deal: a tool for strategic engagement in the Arctic? Andreas Raspotnik & Romain Chuffart Turkish Policy, 16 February 2022.
More EU in the Arctic and More Arctic in the EU? Romain Chuffart & Andreas Raspotnik New Security Beat, 7 February 2022.
The Arctic Ocean: Boundaries and Disputes Andreas Østhagen and Clive Schofield The Arctic Yearbook, 2021, pp. 5-22.
The EU’s New Strategic Arctic Policy Andreas Raspotnik and Adam Stępień IP Quartely, 9 November 2021.
Find your Niche: The European Union and Arctic Security Andreas Raspotnik In Andreas Østhagen and Andreas Rasptnik (eds), Looking North: The European Union and Arctic Security from a Nordic and German Perspective. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2021, pp. 130-154.
Continuity with Greater Confidence: TheEU's 2021 Arctic Policy Update Adam Stepien and Andreas Raspotnik The Arctic Institute Report, October 2021, 19 p.
An ocean apart? Maritime boundary agreements and disputes in the Arctic OceanAndreas Østhagen and Clive H. Schofield The Polar Journal, published online 24.09.2021, 25 p. DOI: 10.1080/2154896X.2021.1978234
The European Green Deal as an EU-Arctic Foreign Policy Tool Gabriella Gricius and Andreas Raspotnik Moderndiplomacy.eu, 3 October 2021
Russian Policies for Development of the Northern Sea Route: An Assessment of Recent Developments and Implications for International Users Arild Moe In Lawson W. Brigham, Robert W. Corell, Jong Deog Kim, Yoon Hyung Kim, Arild Moe, Charles E. Morrison, David L. VanderZwaag and Oran R. Young (eds), The Arctic in World Affairs: Will Great Power Politics Threaten Arctic Sustainability? Korean Maritime, Institute, 2020, pp. 199-208.
Norway’s arctic policy: still high North, low tension? Andreas Østhagen The Polar Journal, Vol 11, No 1, 2021, pp. 1-21.
Improving the work of the Arctic Council: challenges and recommendations Svein Vigeland Rottem Polar Record, Vol 57, published online 18.03.2021. DOI: 10.1017/S0032247420000492
A Global Arctic Order Under Threat? An Agenda for American Leadership in the North Andreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen Polar Points, No 3, 10.03.2021
The Arctic security region: misconceptions and contradictions Andreas Østhagen Polar Geography, published online 28.02.2021, 20 p. DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2021.1881645
Ten Years of International Shipping on the Northern Sea Route: Trends and Challenges Bjørn Gunnarsson and Arild Moe Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol 12, 2021, pp. 4-30.
One Arctic? Northern Security in Canada and Norway Andreas Østhagen In Wilfrid Greaves and Whitney Lackenbauer (eds), Breaking Through: Understanding Sovereignty and Security in the Circumpolar Arctic. University of Toronto Press, 2021, pp. 168-184.
Russia and the Development of Arctic Energy Resources in the Context of Domestic Policy and International Markets Arild Moe In K. Spohr, Davis S. Hamilton and Jason Moyer (eds), The Arctic and World Order. Brookings Institution Press, 2020, pp. 119-142.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Three Levels of Arctic Geopolitics Andreas Østhagen In K. Spohr, Davis S. Hamilton and Jason Moyer (eds), The Arctic and World Order. Brookings Institution Press, 2020, pp. 357-378.
The Svalbard Treaty and Norwegian Sovereignty Øystein Jensen Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol 11, 2020, pp. 82-107
In Search of Stability: Norway’s Approach to the Arctic and Russia Andreas Østhagen In Thomas S. Axeworthy, Sara French and Emily Tsui eds), Lessons from the Arctic: The Role of Regional Governments in International Affairs. Mosaic Press, 2020, pp. 134-158.
Polar Regions in the Anthropocene Colin Summerhayes, Jan Zalasiewicz, Davor Vidas and Mark Williams In Karen Scott and David VanderZwaag (eds), Research Handbook of Polar Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020, pp. 18-39
Fish, Not Oil, at the Heart of (Future) Arctic Resource Conflicts Andreas Østhagen The Arctic Yearbook, 2020, pp. 43-59
100 Years of Arctic Geopolitics: The Svalbard Headache Andreas Østhagen Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Report on Geopolitics and Neglected Arctic Spaces. 02.11.20
Arctic Council Olav Schram Stokke In A. Orsini and Jean-Frederic Morin (eds), Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance. Routledge, 2020
The Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone: How Russia and Norway Manage an Arctic Dispute Andreas Østhagen, Anne-Kristin Jørgensen and Arild Moe Arktika i Sever, No 40, 2020, pp. 183-205. In Russian.
Asia in the Arctic: Policies, Stakes, and Involvement Olav Schram Stokke In S.V. Rottem and I.F. Soltvedt (eds), Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020.
A new Russian policy for the Northern sea route? State interests, key stakeholders and economic opportunities in changing times Arild Moe The Polar Journal, published online 19.08.2020, 19 p. DOI: 10.1080/2154896X.2020.1799611
A Divided Arctic: Maritime Boundary Agreements and Disputes in the Arctic Ocean Clive Schofield and Andreas Østhagen In J. Weber (ed), Handbook on Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic. Springer, 2020, pp. 171-191.
How much is the fish? When foreign policy meets fishing interests in the EU’s Arctic endeavour Andreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen International Relations, published online 13.05.2020, 21 p. DOI: 10.1177/0047117820920915
China's Climate Policy: Does an Arctic Dimension Exist? Gørild Heggelund In Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Folkestad Soldtvedt, Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020, chapter 12.
Russia and the Arctic Environment, Identity and Foreign Policy , 2nd edition Geir Hønneland I.B. Tauris, 2020, 232 p.
The Arctic Council: soft actions, hard effects? Piotr Graczyk and Svein Vigeland Rottem In Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv, Marc Lanteigne Horatio Godfrey Sam-Aggrey (eds), Routledge Handbook of Arctic Security, Routledge, 2020, pp. 221-234
Russia's Revised Seabed Submission Øystein Jensen In Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Folkestad Soltvedt (eds), Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020, pp. 187-209.
Arctic Coast Guards: Why Cooperate? Andreas Østhagen In Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv, Marc Lanteigne and Horatio Godfrey Sam-Aggrey (eds), Routledge Handbook of Arctic Security. Routledge, 2020, pp. 283-294.
In Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Folkestad Soltvedt (eds), Arctic Governance: Norway Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020, pp. 40-63.
China and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Engagement Arild Moe and Olav Schram Stokke China in World and Regional Politics, Vol 24, 2019, pp. 257-278.
Much Ado about Something? China in Arctic Resource Development: Greenland and the Isua Iron-ore Project Iselin Stensdal In Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Folkestad Soltvedt (eds), Arctic Governance: Norway Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris, 2020, pp. 259-279.
Coast Guards and Ocean Politics in the Arctic Andreas Østhagen Palgrave Pivot, 2020, 99 p.
Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia. Volume 3.Volume 3. Svein Vigeland Rottem and Ida Folkestad Soltvedt (eds) I.B. Tauris, 2020, 352 p.
What about the Arctic? The European Union’s Geopolitical Quest for Northern Space Andreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen Geopolitics, published online 06.10.2019, 25 p. DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2019.1670643
Arctic Coast Guards: Managing New Challenges? Andreas Østhagen In I. Bowers and S.L.C. Koh (eds), Grey and White Hulls: An International Analysis of the Navy-Coastguard Nexus. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, pp. 135-157.
The Arctic Council - Between Environmental Protection and Geopolitics Svein Vigeland Rottem Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, 104 p.
